Pranav's Website

What I want to do after High School

Go to a good college, probably out of this country in this economy

Study computer science there
Get a job somewhere
Move somewhere, anywhere

What I'm learning right now

Unit 1: Data
bit: A binary digit, either 0 or 1. Learn more in Binary numbers.
byte: A sequence of 8 bits. Learn more in Bytes.
roundoff: Error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the number with full precision (like using 3 digits to represent as 3.14). Learn more in Number limits, overflow, and roundoff.
analog data: Values that change smoothly, rather than in discrete intervals, over time. For example, the pitch and volume of a live concert. Learn more in From analog to digital data.
lossless: Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and allows full recovery of the original. Learn more in Data compression.
lossy: Compressing data in a way that discards some data and makes it impossible to recover the original. Learn more in Data compression.
metadata: Data about data, like descriptive information about a file or a row in a database.

Computing Device: A physical device that can run a program (e.g., computer, smartphone, smart sensor).
Computer Network: A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.
Path: The series of connections between computing devices on a network, starting with the sender and ending with the receiver.
Protocol: An agreed-upon set of rules that specify how systems behave and communicate.
Fault Tolerant: A system’s ability to continue functioning even if individual components fail.
Scalability: The ability of a system to expand or contract to meet new demands.
Bandwidth: The maximum transmission capacity of a system, measured by bit rate (bits per second).
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): An easy-to-remember web address (e.g., www.example.com).
Internet Structure and Layers Physical Network: The hardware and physical connections that carry internet signals.
Internet Protocol (IP): Assigns unique IP addresses to devices and determines how data is routed between them.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data packets.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP): A lightweight alternative to TCP with minimal error-checking (faster but less reliable).
Packets: Small chunks of data into which larger messages are divided for transmission. Packets may arrive in order, out-of-order, or not at all.
Routers: Specialized computers that forward data across networks, choosing the fastest available path.
Domain Name System (DNS): Translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into IP addresses.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Used for transmitting and requesting web pages and media on the World Wide Web.
World Wide Web (WWW): A system of linked pages, media, and files browsable over HTTP.
Key Concepts Message Delivery on the Internet: Messages are split into packets, which may take different paths through the network. The internet does not require a direct connection between sender and receiver.

Redundancy: Multiple pathways exist in the network so if one route fails, packets can take another.

IP Adresses and IPV6

An IP Address is how your device identifies itself, there are 2 main types of IP addresses on a network, IPv4 and IPV6 IPv4 uses 32 bits to represent an address. In a local IP Address, for example 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1 represents a local network and 1 represents the number of the device. But IPv6 uses 128 bits to represent an address allowing for 2^96 more addresses, for example 2001:db8::f350:2256:f3dd is 8 sets of 16 bits. IPv6 has gotten more popular as the number of IPv4 addresses diminishes